2018. “Progressively Tougher Sanctioning and Recidivism: Assessing the Effects of Different Types of Sanctions.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 55(2):194-241.
2013. “The Code of the Street and Inmate Violence: Investigating the Salience of Imported Belief Systems” Criminology.
2012. “Sometimes Ignorance is Bliss: Investigating Citizen Perceptions of the Certainty and Severity of Punishment” American Journal of Criminal Justice.
2011. “Evidence on the Effectiveness of Juvenile Court Sanctions” Journal of Criminal Justice.
2010. “Toward a Systematic Foundation for Identifying Evidence-Based Criminal Justice Sanctions and their Relative Effectiveness” Journal of Criminal Justice.
2007. “Hit ‘Em Where it Hurts: Monetary and Nontraditional Punitive Sanctions” International Handbook of Penology and Criminal Justice.
2006. “Under Surveillance: An Empirical Test of the Effectiveness and Consequences of Electronic Monitoring” Criminology & Public Policy.
2001. “Getting Tough with Juvenile Offenders: Explaining Support for Sanctioning Youths as Adults” Criminal Justice and Behavior.
2000. “Theorizing Sanctioning in a Criminalized Juvenile Court” Criminology.
2000. “The Effects of Delinquency and Legal Sanctions on Parenting Behaviors” Families, Crime, and Criminal Justice: Charting the Linkages.
1994. “Stacking the Deck by Piling up Sanctions: Is Intermediate Punishment Destined to Fail?” The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice.
1992. “Intermediate Punishment and the Piling Up of Sanctions” Criminal Justice: Law and Politics (6th Edition).
1979. “Capital Punishment, Gun Ownership, and Homicide” American Journal of Sociology.
1977. “Formal and Informal Sanctions: A Comparison of Deterrent Effects” Social Problems.
1975. “Socioeconomic Status and Criminal Sentencing: An Empirical Assessment of a Conflict Proposition” American Sociological Review.